• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Fruit harvesting machine by means of aspiration to carry on the back, easy to use and suitable for carrying on foot in all types of terrain and situations. It has a motor (1) and a turbine (2) that exert a suction force that is transmitted to a main tube (7) that discharges the products and other materials sucked into a first tank (3), which has in its lower part an emptying valve that discharges the content to a second tank (5), making a screening that expels stones and/or other objects outside, keeping the fruits to be collected inside. In addition to being a vacuum machine, the device can also become a blowing machine, by incorporating elements that change the direction of the air flows in such a way that the main tube (7) blows instead of sucking. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2803124A1
    申请号:ES201930668
    申请日:2019-07-19
    公开日:2021-01-22
    发明作者:Calvo Juan Galan
    申请人:Calvo Juan Galan；Bermudez De Castro De La Fuente Jose Luis；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0004] OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    [0006] In order to facilitate agricultural harvesting in all types of terrain and situations, a vacuum cleaner for individual and portable use is presented to be carried on the back, which allows to collect the fruits directly from the ground while moving on foot, without the need for the terrain. specific preparation. The fruits are sucked through at least one easy-to-use main suction tube. It also incorporates a quick and simple product download system. Therefore, the harvesting task can be carried out in a comfortable, fast and efficient way, increasing the final performance of the activity.
    [0008] At the same time, in order to optimize the weight loaded by the operator, this efficient portable harvesting machine performs a screening process of the aspirated products, discarding stones and / or other objects smaller than the fruits to be collected, the which are detaching themselves outside. These stones or small objects can sometimes have a similar or even greater weight than that of the fruits themselves, so this screening is highly efficient in terms of the net weight collected.
    [0010] In addition to being a vacuum cleaner, this machine can also become a blower, an important feature in harvesting, as it facilitates the grouping of fruits for later collection. The change of function is carried out by means of a quick and simple mechanism that allows the operator to alternate between suction and blowing according to his needs.
    [0012] TECHNICAL SECTOR
    [0014] The present invention refers to agricultural machinery for the harvesting of fruits, such as olives and nuts, by means of a suction force that collects them mainly from the ground. More specifically, it is aimed at portable, portable machines for individual use that serve this purpose.
    [0015] TECHNICAL BACKGROUND
    [0017] The collection of fruits from the ground has usually been done manually, with a very high effort of the worker, while the yield is very low. To increase yields, solutions have been developed consisting of coupling large devices to tractors or self-propelled machines, which is a good solution for large farms where the terrain is eminently flat, but it is not a valid solution even for large farms. medium or small, neither for difficult orographies, nor when the separation between trees is not enough for large vehicles to circulate.
    [0019] Furthermore, even in large and efficient farms where large machines are used, there is always a small but significant percentage of fruits that cannot be picked by the machines or that fall out of the ground covers. These fruits are usually left unharvested, as they could only be used in a traditional labor-intensive way.
    [0021] By way of example, what is disclosed in document ES1077320U is known where a truck-trailer is described that can be coupled to a traction vehicle; document ES2399174 disclosing an olive harvesting machine that is included in the structure of a truck-type vehicle; Document ES2142728 disclosing a self-propelled machine that has a plurality of brushes for harvesting olives or similar products; or the documents ES1064460U and ES2199038 which describe vacuum machines that are coupled to a tractor or truck, from which they take power, and that are used for the collection of olives and the like. As has been anticipated, with this type of solutions very high yields are achieved, but their use is limited to large farms, flat land and / or sufficient separation between trees.
    [0023] From these solutions, devices of smaller dimensions have been developed that are pulled like a wheelbarrow, and which have the problem that they are very impractical for use in difficult terrain, and are not very powerful for medium-large operations. By way of example, what is disclosed in document ES1061650U is known, where a collection mechanism that can be attached to a draft structure is described; document ES1054187U which describes a self-propelled machinery of small dimensions that rolls on the ground; or the documents ES1020417U and ES2004609 which describe different types of pulling carts manually. As has been anticipated, with this type of solution it is possible to work in small and medium-sized farms, but their performance and practicality is very limited. These solutions also have the problem that they are not autonomous machines and therefore have a limited range of action.
    [0025] Manual pickers are also known, which are only used for very small farms and with flat terrain, which require a previous work of soil compaction for the performance and use to be adequate. Examples of these typologies are disclosed in documents ES323098 and ES368129. These solutions have the advantage that they do not require pneumatic mechanisms, but they are very old solutions that only work for flat and compact terrain.
    [0027] There are certain farmers who use autonomous equipment such as blowers that allow the fruits and olives to be grouped for later collection. In combination with these methodologies, machines are known that collect this type of stockpile, for example, the machine disclosed in document ES2156054, but this machine requires to be coupled to a tractor vehicle and therefore is not suitable for all types of terrain.
    [0029] Taking into account the problem of being able to use a portable solution that can be used in any field, solutions have emerged, which can be considered the closest in the state of the art. Among others, solutions are known based on suction devices for small products that comprise a tank in their structure, although they have the disadvantage that they are heavy and preferably require their transport with a wheelbarrow, and that they also have the disadvantage that they do not screen sufficiently the product. What is disclosed in document ES2140260 is highlighted, which is based on the use of suction hoses that can be easily manipulated by the user, but which has the drawback of requiring a very powerful large-size compressor. What is disclosed in document ES1035248U is known, which describes a device of small dimensions that includes a suction tube and a collection chamber, but this device does not screen the product of stones and other heavy elements, it presents a lack of power and the deposit It is so small that the yields are very low, making it not recommended for continuous collection tasks, this solution being intended for the specific collection of small products. Finally, what is disclosed in document EP0862847 is known, which solves the problem of screening with respect to the previous document, but has a heavy structure that makes it not recommended for a user to carry it, and therefore Therefore, it preferably requires to be transported in a small cart, which in certain types of terrain makes work uncomfortable and reduces performance.
    [0031] Faced with all these known solutions, mainly those that are considered to be the closest in the state of the art, and taking into account the technical problems existing in this industrial field not solved to date, an efficient invention is presented designed so that its volume and weight can be easily supported by a single user. Loaded on the back like a backpack, it allows quick and easy collection. In addition, it includes a screening system for the collected products, further optimizing the efficiency of the weight supported by the user. That is why it can be used in all types of terrain, and also due to its efficiency it is also valid in all types of farms.
    [0033] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0035] The present invention refers to a machine for collecting agricultural products (such as olives and nuts) by aspiration, mainly from the ground, which is for individual and portable use as it is carried on the back like a backpack. It is suitable for all types of terrain and situations. The fruits are sucked directly from the ground or wherever they are by means of at least one easy-to-use main suction tube, performing the task in a comfortable, fast and efficient way. In addition, the machine screens stones and / or other objects smaller than the fruit in one or more phases. As a result, a high yield of harvesting activity is achieved.
    [0037] The machine has a motor and a suction mechanism, for example a turbine, which exerts a suction force. Said force is transmitted to a first tank, which is connected to a main tube that sucks the fruits together with other unwanted materials.
    [0039] In its lower part, the first tank has a drain valve, for example a hatch, which is closed when the machine is sucking. When the emptying valve is opened, the contents of the first tank are sent to a second final tank made of a framework, mesh or perforated material that has holes that perform a screening by which stones and / or other objects smaller than the fruits that you want to collect. The shape, number and size of these holes are specially designed to keep the desired fruits inside, and smaller materials to fall out.
    [0040] The first tank is designed with a reduced capacity since it is intended to collect only the content of short suction cycles. After each batch, by emptying the first tank and subsequent screening of the materials, the second tank stores fruits free of stones and / or other materials, which could easily represent even more weight than the desired fruits.
    [0042] Therefore, there is a double decrease in the weight loaded by the operator. On the one hand, the reduced size of the first tank means that the motor-turbine assembly does not have to be as powerful and heavy as in other existing vacuum cleaners. On the other hand, thanks to the screening that the machine performs by itself, a more efficient weight of fruit is accumulated in the second final deposit. This significant weight saving is a fundamental advantage of this invention, which makes it possible to reduce the number of times the second final tank must be discharged when it is full. Discharge occurs easily through a lockable opening at the lower end of the second end tank.
    [0044] The invention is carried comfortably on the user's back like a backpack by means of fastening means, for example straps attached to a frame. This is possible given the reduced weight of the machine compared to other existing ones. Consequently, it can be carried permanently on the back without the need for wheels or mechanical or animal traction, being therefore a machine that can really be used in any type of terrain and situations.
    [0046] The main suction tube is the element of the machine that approaches the ground or where the fruits are, and therefore must be easy and efficient to handle, and also be adapted in its shape and in suction power to optimize harvesting. of the different types of possible fruits. That is why the main tube is flexible at least in some part and can have ergonomic adjustable controls, such as elbow and forearm supports or control handles for each hand, which can have activation buttons that allow controlling the different functions of the machine . One of these functions is to regulate the speed of the turbine so that the suction air flow adjusts to the weight and size of the fruit to be picked at each moment, and thus reduce the collateral suction of other unwanted objects as much as possible. heavy. Finally, different nozzles can be attached to the end of the main tube to optimize air flow and better adapt it to different situations.
    [0047] Additionally, the machine can incorporate an automatic mechanism that opens and closes the first tank drain valve by itself, depending on whether the main tube is sucking, without the need for the operator to do so manually.
    [0049] Additionally, the invention can incorporate a recirculation mechanism that makes the machine a blower as well as a vacuum cleaner. This can be done in at least 3 different ways:
    [0050] • By reversing the turbine rotation.
    [0051] • By introducing a system of two diverting valves sandwiched between some ducts, which allows the direction of the air flow to be reversed inside some elements of the machine, in such a way that the main tube instead of sucking what it does is blow. The recirculation mechanism consists of a first diverter valve located at the outlet of the turbine, which directs the air flow towards a second diverter valve located at a point between the main tube and the first tank. And in turn, this second diverter valve directs that air flow towards the main tube to be expelled.
    [0052] • Via a 4-way recirculation valve located at a point between the main pipe and the first tank. When this valve position is changed, the main tube instead of receiving a suction flow of air, receives the exhaust flow that comes out of the turbine and therefore becomes a blower tube.
    [0054] Additionally, the machine can incorporate, after the first tank emptying valve, an additional screening system, for example a perforated chute, which screens the products leaving the first tank before entering the second tank. The design and size of the screening system is optimized to keep the desired fruits inside, and smaller materials are discarded outside.
    [0056] Additionally, all valves on the machine can be operated manually as well as automatically. In this way, in the event of a failure in the automation, it is possible to continue working in manual mode.
    [0058] Additionally, the machine can incorporate a blowing system in an open space located between the drain valve of the first tank and the inlet to the second tank, in order to winnow or clean the outgoing content of the first tank of leaves and other light materials. deposit before they enter the second deposit. This can be done in at least 2 different methods:
    [0059] • By means of a direct blowing mechanism, for example a fan.
    [0060] • By taking advantage of the turbine exhaust air, which is led to a nozzle pointing towards that open space before entering the second tank, in combination with a timer that allows the turbine to continue operating for a few seconds after releasing the start button. aspiration.
    [0062] Additionally, the machine can incorporate a system for regulating the use of the turbine exhaust air to fan leaves and other light materials at the inlet of the second tank, through an additional outlet for the blown air flow, but which point out. This additional outlet is adjustable in flow rate, so that all the force of the air expelled from the turbine can be distributed at will between the nozzle that performs the blowing to winnow and this additional outlet that expels the air out without taking advantage of it.
    [0064] Additionally, the machine can incorporate a protection filter located between the turbine and the first tank, which prevents some materials from entering the turbine. This filter can be removable for cleaning.
    [0066] Additionally, in contact with this protection filter, a self-cleaning mechanism can be incorporated, consisting of a free-turning propeller that includes blades with flexible filaments on its edge in contact with the filter, which is cleaned by turning the propeller driven by the flow of the turbine.
    [0068] Additionally, for quick and easy maintenance, the invention can incorporate an internal cleaning system by water, by including quick hose connectors in various elements of the machine, such as the turbine, the first tank or any of the ducts through which the air flows run, where you can directly connect a garden hose.
    [0070] DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0072] To complement the description that is being made and with the aim of helping a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of a practical embodiment thereof, a set of figures and drawings is presented where, with an illustrative and non-limiting, the following is represented:
    [0074] Figure 1.- Right rear oblique view of the preferred embodiment of the invention.
    [0075] Figure 2.- Left anterior oblique view of the preferred embodiment of the invention.
    [0077] Figure 3.- Right side view of the preferred embodiment of the invention.
    [0079] Figure 4.- Aerial view of the preferred embodiment of the invention.
    [0081] Figure 5.- Left side exploded view of the preferred embodiment of the invention.
    [0083] Figure 6.- Right side detailed view of the set of diverter valves and their conduits.
    [0085] Figure 7.- Detailed left rear oblique view of the set of diverter valves and their conduits.
    [0087] Figure 8A and 8B.- Schematic representation of the 4-way valve. Figure 8A represents the "suction mode" and Figure 8B the "blowing mode".
    [0089] DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    [0091] In view of the aforementioned figures, and in accordance with the numbering adopted, an example of a preferred embodiment of the invention can be seen in them, but not exclusive or limiting, which comprises the parts and elements that are described in detail below :
    [0093] We start from a machine that is carried on the back as a backpack, so it has for this purpose straps (6) attached to a frame. The first tank (3) is located just behind the back of the operator, with the turbine (2) and the motor (1) located next and in a vertical plane. This arrangement allows the hot parts (the motor) to be separated from the user. However, the distribution of these elements can be variable, and a second embodiment can be provided where the engine (1) is at the front, then the turbine (2) behind, and finally the first tank (3). This distribution brings the center of gravity of the assembly closer to the user and makes the machine easier to transport. A third embodiment can also be provided where the engine (1) is above the turbine (2) and then the first tank (3) is below. This distribution better prevents heavy materials from entering the turbine (2).
    [0094] The first tank (3) is accessed laterally by a conduit that comes from the main suction tube (7) and therefore introduces the sucked products into the first tank (3). At the bottom of the first tank (3) there is a hatch that acts as a drain valve (4), which is closed when the turbine (2) is being accelerated, and therefore all the suction force is transmitted to the main tube (7). However, when the turbine (2) stops sucking, the flap opens automatically and acts as a drain valve (4), discharging all the products into screening ramps (12) located below.
    [0096] The screening ramps (12) are opposite inclined planes, interspersed vertically, which make the products coming out of the first tank (3) make a descending path in a zig-zag fashion. These screening ramps (12) are perforated in order to keep the fruits inside and for stones and small objects to slip through the holes, which end up falling out of the machine. At the end of the route through the screening ramps (12) the products go to a second tank (5) that is located below.
    [0098] The second final tank (5) is located at the bottom of the machine. It has an inlet opening located just below the hatch that acts as a drain valve (4), and another outlet opening for easy emptying and unloading of the content. It is made of a mesh with holes of a size specially designed to keep the fruits inside, since the holes are smaller than these. Smaller materials, mainly small stones, are screened and detach themselves.
    [0100] The machine has the main suction tube (7) with a final rigid part that is used by the user to be able to suck the products scattered on the ground, and a flexible part that allows its maneuverability. On the rigid part there is a control handle for the right hand (8A) with buttons (13), and a handle for the left hand (8B). These elements allow the main tube (7) to be operated, the motor contact (1) on or off, the valves and other elements of the machine are controlled, and the speed of the turbine (2) is adjusted, which allows adjusting the power of the aspiration to the weight and size of the fruits to be collected, reducing as much as possible the collateral aspiration of other heavier unwanted objects. The machine also has a set of interchangeable nozzles that are inserted into the end of the main tube (7) to adapt it to different conditions.
    [0102] To end the preferred embodiment, the invention incorporates a practical recirculation system that turns the machine into a blower as well as a vacuum cleaner, by means of a system of two diverter valves (9A and 9B) sandwiched between conduits (10A, 10B, 10C and 10D), which can reverse the direction of the air flow inside some elements of the machine, in such a way that the main tube (7) instead of sucking, starts blowing. The recirculation mechanism consists of varying the first diverter valve (9A) located at the end of a conduit (10A) that collects the flow of air out of the turbine (2), so that it directs the air flow through a conduit (10C ) towards the second diverter valve (9B), located at a point between the main tube (7) and the first tank (3), and in turn vary said second diverter valve (9B) so that it directs that air flow towards being expelled through the main tube (7).
    [0104] When the machine is in "suction mode" the first diverter valve (9A) directs the flow of air out of the turbine (2) through a duct (10B) that expels it directly outside. Likewise, the second diverter valve (9B) opens the passage between the main tube (7) and a conduit (10D) that leads to the first tank (3), in such a way that the suction produced by the turbine (2) in the first tank (3) is directly transmitted through the main tube (7), which performs a suction function.
    [0106] When the machine is in "blowing mode" the first diverter valve (9A) varies its position and directs the flow of air out of the turbine (2) through a duct (10C) that communicates with the second diverter valve (9B), which in turn varies and directs this air outflow towards the main tube (7), while closing the conduit (10D) to access the first tank (3). At the same time, the drain valve (4 ) of the first tank (3) remains open, to become the air intake that reaches the turbine (2).
    [0108] There may also be a second preferred embodiment of a recirculation system, which comprises a 4-way valve (11) located between the main pipe (7) and the first tank (3). From this 4-way recirculation valve (11) there are 4 ducts arranged in a cross in the same plane, which go to the following elements of the machine:
    [0109] (IIA) To the main tube (7), which thanks to this recirculation valve (11) has a double function, that of suction and that of blowing.
    [0110] (IIB) To the first deposit (3). In this duct the air flow is always in the direction from the recirculation valve (11) to the first tank (3).
    [0111] (IIC) To an exhaust / suction pipe, which thanks to this recirculation valve (11) has both the expulsion and the suction function.
    [0112] (IID) To the turbine exhaust (2). In this duct the air flow always goes from the turbine (2) to the recirculation valve (11).
    [0114] When the recirculation valve (11) is in the "suction mode" position, the ways (11A) communicate with (11B) on the one hand, and (11C) with (11D) on the other. In this way, the first Reservoir (3) is sucking air from the main pipe (7) which is suction, and the turbine (2) is expelling air through the exhaust / suction pipe which works as exhaust.
    [0116] When the recirculation valve (11) is turned to the "blown mode" position, the ways (11A) communicate with (11D) on the one hand, and (11B) with (11C) on the other. In this way, The first tank (3) is sucking air from the exhaust / suction pipe that works as suction, and the turbine (2) is expelling air through the main pipe (7).
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [1]
    1. - Fruit harvesting machine by aspiration, for individual use to carry on the back, with a motor (1) and an aspiration mechanism such as a turbine (2), characterized in that it comprises:
    • a first tank (3) for receiving the products and materials sucked in by the suction force of the turbine (2),
    • at least one main suction tube (7), which is in connection with the first tank (3), through which the fruits and other materials are sucked,
    • a drain valve (4) that discharges the contents of the first tank (3), and
    • a second tank (5), where the products discharged from the first tank (3) end up every time the drain valve (4) is opened, made of a framework, mesh or perforated material that has holes of a shape, number and size specially designed to keep the fruits to be collected inside, and sift the stones and / or other smaller objects so that they fall out by themselves.
    [2]
    2. - Harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized by comprising several interchangeable types of second tank (5), so that they are adapted to the different types of fruit to be collected.
    [3]
    3. - Harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized by comprising a set of interchangeable nozzles, which are inserted at the end of the at least one main tube (7), to adapt it to different conditions.
    [4]
    4. - Harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it incorporates a recirculation system that makes the air flow coming out of the turbine (2) reverse the direction within some elements of the machine, causing the at least one main tube (7) expels air instead of sucking, by introducing a system of two diverter valves sandwiched between some ducts where:
    • a first diverter valve (9A), located at the end of a conduit (10A) that collects the flow of air out of the turbine (2), which may well communicate the conduit (10A) with a conduit (10B) that is directs to the outside, or it can vary and communicate the conduit (10A) with a conduit (10C) that goes to a second diverter valve (9B), and
    • a second diverter valve (9B) located at a point between the at least one main pipe (7) and the first tank (3), which may well communicate the at least one pipe main (7) with a conduit (10D) that goes to the first tank (3), closing the conduit (10C), or it can vary and communicate the conduit (10C) with the at least one main tube (7), closing the conduit (10D) that goes to the first tank (3).
    [5]
    5. - Harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it incorporates a recirculation system that causes the air flow coming out of the turbine (2) to reverse the direction within some elements of the machine, causing the at least one main tube (7) expels air instead of sucking, by introducing a 4-way recirculation valve (11), which are connected to:
    A. the at least one main tube (7),
    B. the first deposit (3),
    C. an additional exhaust or intake pipe, and
    D. the turbine outlet (2).
    [6]
    6. - Harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized by comprising an additional screening system (12) located after the drain valve (4), which screens the products that come out of the first tank (3) before entering the second tank (5), expelling out the screened materials that are discarded.
    [7]
    7. - Collecting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the second tank (5) in addition to comprising a large collection opening for the sucked products from the first tank (3), also comprises an outlet opening for emptying and unloading end of content.
    [8]
    8. - Harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized by comprising adjustable ergonomic controls in the at least one main tube (7).
    [9]
    9. - Harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized by a double mode of operation, manual or automatic, of the valves (4, 9A, 9B and 11).
    [10]
    10. - Harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized by comprising a blowing mechanism such as a fan, located in an open space between the drain valve (4) and the second tank (5).
    [11]
    11. - Harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized by comprising an adjustable air outlet nozzle (14), located in a conduit (10C) that directs the air that it ejects the turbine (2), to direct it to an open space between the drain valve (4) and the second tank (5).
    [12]
    12. - Harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized by comprising a protection filter (16), which can be removable, and is located between the first tank (3) and the turbine (2). This protection filter (16) may comprise a cleaning mechanism consisting of a freely rotating propeller (17), which includes blades with flexible filaments on its edge in contact with the filter (16), which is cleaned by rotating the propeller (17) driven by the flow of the turbine (2).
    [13]
    13. - Harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized by comprising an interior cleaning system by water by incorporating quick connectors for hose in various elements of the machine.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2803674R1|2021-02-10|
    WO2021014039A1|2021-01-28|
    ES2803674A2|2021-01-28|
    ES2803124B2|2021-08-02|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    EP0862847A1|1997-03-06|1998-09-09|Cifarelli S.r.l.|Sucking device for picking products such as chestnuts, hazelnuts and the like|
    EP1524894A1|2002-08-02|2005-04-27|Andreas Stihl AG & Co. KG|Container for a shoulder-borne harvesting device|
    法律状态:
    2020-07-03| PC2A| Transfer of patent|Owner name: JOSE LUIS BERMUDEZ DE CASTRO DE LA FUENTE Effective date: 20200629 |
    2021-01-22| BA2A| Patent application published|Ref document number: 2803124 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: A1 Effective date: 20210122 |
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201930668A|ES2803124B2|2019-07-19|2019-07-19|FRUIT COLLECTOR MACHINE BY SUCTION TO CARRY ON THE BACK|ES201930668A| ES2803124B2|2019-07-19|2019-07-19|FRUIT COLLECTOR MACHINE BY SUCTION TO CARRY ON THE BACK|
    ES202030277A| ES2803674R1|2019-07-19|2020-04-03|FRUIT HARVESTING MACHINE BY SUCTION TO CARRY ON THE BACK|
    PCT/ES2020/070450| WO2021014039A1|2019-07-19|2020-07-10|Suction-based fruit-collecting machine for carrying on the back|
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